Dictionary<TKey,TValue> Class 프로그래밍/C#2017. 8. 19. 21:06
- Dictionary<TKey,TValue> Class
Dictionary<TKey,TValue> Class
Represents a collection of keys and values.
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)]
public class Dictionary<TKey,TValue> : System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<TKey,TValue>, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyCollection<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>, System.Collections.Generic.IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey,TValue>, System.Collections.IDictionary, System.Runtime.Serialization.IDeserializationCallback, System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable- TKey
The type of the keys in the dictionary.
- TValue
The type of the values in the dictionary.
- Inheritance
- Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
- Derived
- Attributes
- Implements
- ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>> IDictionary<TKey,TValue>IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>> IReadOnlyCollection<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>IReadOnlyDictionary<TKey,TValue> IDictionary IDeserializationCallback ISerializable
Inherited Members
System.Object
Examples
The following code example creates an empty Dictionary<TKey,TValue> of strings with string keys and uses the Addmethod to add some elements. The example demonstrates that the Add method throws an ArgumentException when attempting to add a duplicate key.
The example uses the Item[TKey] property (the indexer in C#) to retrieve values, demonstrating that a KeyNotFoundException is thrown when a requested key is not present, and showing that the value associated with a key can be replaced.
The example shows how to use the TryGetValue method as a more efficient way to retrieve values if a program often must try key values that are not in the dictionary, and it shows how to use the ContainsKey method to test whether a key exists before calling the Add method.
The example shows how to enumerate the keys and values in the dictionary and how to enumerate the keys and values alone using the Keys property and the Values property.
Finally, the example demonstrates the Remove method.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
// Create a new dictionary of strings, with string keys.
//
Dictionary<string, string> openWith =
new Dictionary<string, string>();
// Add some elements to the dictionary. There are no
// duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe");
openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");
// The Add method throws an exception if the new key is
// already in the dictionary.
try
{
openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe");
}
catch (ArgumentException)
{
Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists.");
}
// The Item property is another name for the indexer, so you
// can omit its name when accessing elements.
Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
openWith["rtf"]);
// The indexer can be used to change the value associated
// with a key.
openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
openWith["rtf"]);
// If a key does not exist, setting the indexer for that key
// adds a new key/value pair.
openWith["doc"] = "winword.exe";
// The indexer throws an exception if the requested key is
// not in the dictionary.
try
{
Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.",
openWith["tif"]);
}
catch (KeyNotFoundException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found.");
}
// When a program often has to try keys that turn out not to
// be in the dictionary, TryGetValue can be a more efficient
// way to retrieve values.
string value = "";
if (openWith.TryGetValue("tif", out value))
{
Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.", value);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found.");
}
// ContainsKey can be used to test keys before inserting
// them.
if (!openWith.ContainsKey("ht"))
{
openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe");
Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = \"ht\": {0}",
openWith["ht"]);
}
// When you use foreach to enumerate dictionary elements,
// the elements are retrieved as KeyValuePair objects.
Console.WriteLine();
foreach( KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in openWith )
{
Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}",
kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}
// To get the values alone, use the Values property.
Dictionary<string, string>.ValueCollection valueColl =
openWith.Values;
// The elements of the ValueCollection are strongly typed
// with the type that was specified for dictionary values.
Console.WriteLine();
foreach( string s in valueColl )
{
Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s);
}
// To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
Dictionary<string, string>.KeyCollection keyColl =
openWith.Keys;
// The elements of the KeyCollection are strongly typed
// with the type that was specified for dictionary keys.
Console.WriteLine();
foreach( string s in keyColl )
{
Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s);
}
// Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair.
Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(\"doc\")");
openWith.Remove("doc");
if (!openWith.ContainsKey("doc"))
{
Console.WriteLine("Key \"doc\" is not found.");
}
}
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
Key = "tif" is not found.
Key = "tif" is not found.
Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
Value = notepad.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = hypertrm.exe
Key = txt
Key = bmp
Key = dib
Key = rtf
Key = doc
Key = ht
Remove("doc")
Key "doc" is not found.
*/
Remarks
Note
To view the .NET Framework source code for this type, see the Reference Source. You can browse through the source code online, download the reference for offline viewing, and step through the sources (including patches and updates) during debugging; see instructions.
The Dictionary<TKey,TValue> generic class provides a mapping from a set of keys to a set of values. Each addition to the dictionary consists of a value and its associated key. Retrieving a value by using its key is very fast, close to O(1), because the Dictionary<TKey,TValue> class is implemented as a hash table.
Note
The speed of retrieval depends on the quality of the hashing algorithm of the type specified for TKey.
As long as an object is used as a key in the Dictionary<TKey,TValue>, it must not change in any way that affects its hash value. Every key in a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> must be unique according to the dictionary's equality comparer. A key cannot be null, but a value can be, if the value type TValue is a reference type.
Dictionary<TKey,TValue> requires an equality implementation to determine whether keys are equal. You can specify an implementation of the IEqualityComparer<T> generic interface by using a constructor that accepts a comparerparameter; if you do not specify an implementation, the default generic equality comparer System.Collections.Generic.EqualityComparer<T>.Default is used. If type TKey implements the System.IEquatable<T> generic interface, the default equality comparer uses that implementation.
Note
For example, you can use the case-insensitive string comparers provided by the StringComparer class to create dictionaries with case-insensitive string keys.
The capacity of a Dictionary<TKey,TValue> is the number of elements the Dictionary<TKey,TValue> can hold. As elements are added to a Dictionary<TKey,TValue>, the capacity is automatically increased as required by reallocating the internal array.
For very large Dictionary<TKey,TValue> objects, you can increase the maximum capacity to 2 billion elements on a 64-bit system by setting the enabled attribute of the configuration element to true in the run-time environment.
For purposes of enumeration, each item in the dictionary is treated as a KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue> structure representing a value and its key. The order in which the items are returned is undefined.
The foreach statement of the C# language (for each in C++, For Each in Visual Basic) returns an object of the type of the elements in the collection. Since the Dictionary<TKey,TValue> is a collection of keys and values, the element type is not the type of the key or the type of the value. Instead, the element type is a KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue> of the key type and the value type. For example:
foreach( KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in myDictionary )
{
Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}
The foreach statement is a wrapper around the enumerator, which allows only reading from the collection, not writing to it.
Note
Because keys can be inherited and their behavior changed, their absolute uniqueness cannot be guaranteed by comparisons using the Equals method.
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